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Methods of CO2 separation from air, ways of its use and long-term storage
Kober, Ondřej ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Škorpík, Jiří (advisor)
Combustion of fossil fuels creates greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming. The most important of these gases is carbon dioxide. Although it occurs naturally in the atmosphere, human emissions upset the balance of various natural processes. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to conduct a background research in the field of carbon dioxide capture, storage and utilization. The thesis also describes the role of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, its cycle and human influence on carbon dioxide concentration.
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How will a longer vegetative season affect carbon sequestration in plant biomass
Kasperová, Denisa ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Ponert, Jan (referee)
As a result of human activity, a large number of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, is released into the atmosphere, which causes a greater greenhouse effect and an increase in the temperature of the surface of the planet and the air in the atmosphere. Ongoing climate change is one of the great challenges facing society, as rising temperatures on the planet greatly affect the functioning of its ecosystems. Extremes arising from climate change, especially temperature rise and lack of precipitation or a change in the annual distribution of precipitation, affect the physiology and phenology of plants. Higher temperatures cause plant growing seasons to shift and lengthen, which has a direct impact on the sequestration of carbon in plant biomass through a biochemical, physiological plant process called photosynthesis. The increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is slowed down by terrestrial forest ecosystems, as they can retain carbon in their tissues, especially in wood, for a relatively long time before it returns to the atmosphere. However, the efficiency of binding carbon into biomass also depends on other physiological processes, e.g., photorespiration, breathing, gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere. Stressors caused by climate change can then limit growth, photosynthesis,...
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An analysis of fungal exudate and carbon use efficiency
NÜBL, Laura
The exometabolome of various fungal functional guilds was investigated as part of the below-ground carbon flux. This thesis addresses the incorporation and exudation of carbon by individual, axenic fungal cultures, with a focus on developing a protocol for characterisation and identification of those compounds.
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Carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in canging climate.
Hlaváčková, Lucie ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Urban, Otmar (referee)
The global carbon cycle is in the focus of the scientists' interest, because understanding carbon sinks and their relationships can show the solutions of problems related with increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere in the future. I focused on the role of forests ecosystems in this carbon cycle. All forests cover almost one third of the Earth's land area. By photosynthesis they bind big part of atmospheric carbon to their biomass. Sink strength of forest can differ according to the type of biome, forest stand age and actual climatic conditions. Forest biomes can be generally divided according to the latitude to three groups: tropical forest biomes, temperate forests and boreal forests. The size of carbon stock decreases in this order. Other parameters, such as net primary production and respiration differ in dependence on the particular ecosystem. Tropical rain forests represent great carbon stock, but their deforestation causes massive C emissions back to the atmosphere. Boreal forests aren't considered as important carbon sink, but they influence local climate. Some speculations can also appear about the old forests. It is possible to find authors, who claims, that old forests are no more carbon sinks, so that their carbon balance is neutral. Many surveys prove that they bind less carbon...
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Effects of Climate change on root dynamics in temperate forests
Růžičková, Kateřina ; Bouda, Martin (advisor) ; Stiblíková, Pavlína (referee)
Fine roots contribute significantly to the global carbon and water cycle. Their dynamics and changes that may occur are therefore key players in these processes. Climate change significantly affects the dynamics of fine roots, and since individual factors are in interaction and may also function against each other, the overall response of the root system to climate change is difficult to predict. However, understanding these processes is essential for creating more accurate models to predict the response of ecosystems to a changing climate. This bachelor's project is a literature review that summarizes the knowledge about the effects of elevated temperature, CO2 concentration and drought on the dynamics of fine roots in temperate forests. Also, it provides a comprehensive view of the interaction of all three factors and considers some issues open for further research.
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Response of Soil Respiration, Temperature and Moisture to the Harvest of a Sessile Oak Forest\n
Dařenová, Eva
Forest management, particularly thinning and harvesting measures, has a significant impact on the forest carbon balance. In this study, we investigated the effect of the harvest of a sessile oak forest on soil respiration as a main source of CO2 emissions in forest ecosystems. Soil respiration, temperature and moisture were measured during the two growing seasons, one before and one after the harvest applied on six out of nine studied plots in April 2018. The harvest increased soil temperature by up to 6 °C. Soil moisture did not differ between the plots in 2017, but it was higher in the harvested plots compared to the control in 2018. In the first half of the growing season 2018, the difference between the control and harvested plots ranged between 5 and 100 % in proportion while in the second half the differences decreased only up to 5%. Soil respiration ranged between 1.2 and 3.3 µmol CO2 m-2s-1 during 2017 with no difference between the following variants. In 2018, soil respiration ranged between 1.2 and 7.0 µmol CO2 m-2s-1 and it tended to be higher in the harvested plots compared to the control. The exception was observed shortly after heavy rainfall on 5th September when soil respiration in the control significantly exceeded that in the harvested plots.
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Methods of CO2 separation from air, ways of its use and long-term storage
Kober, Ondřej ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Škorpík, Jiří (advisor)
Combustion of fossil fuels creates greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming. The most important of these gases is carbon dioxide. Although it occurs naturally in the atmosphere, human emissions upset the balance of various natural processes. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to conduct a background research in the field of carbon dioxide capture, storage and utilization. The thesis also describes the role of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, its cycle and human influence on carbon dioxide concentration.
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Methane emissions from temperate freshwater reservoirs
Bašta, Jan ; Frouzová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Rulík, Martin (referee)
Methane (CH4) emissions from temperate freshwater reservoirs have only been evaluated for the last several decades. Freshwater ecosystems (including water reservoirs) release crucial quantities of this important greenhouse gas. Ebullition that releases methane into the atmosphere from bubbles originating from sediment is important source of methane. Regardless of the importance of these emissions, a very limited number of scientific research papers monitoring this flux into the atmosphere are available. Estimated values of methane emissions from freshwater temperate reservoirs vary considerably. There are many different methods for monitoring methane emissions. It seems that the freshwater reservoir stimulates methane formation in increasing scales. The size of the sum of methane emitted from freshwater reservoirs is also difficult to say.
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Carbon-smart forestry for building resilience to global change
Brnkalakova, S. ; Kluvánková, T. ; Marek, Michal V.
The specific role of mountain ecosystems in the carbon cycle and their importance as carbon sinks already\nhas been noted within the broader debate about climate change. There has been progress in designing\nand attempts towards implementing such mountain-specific strategies as green economies, global and regional\nconventions, frameworks, and institutions. There is still need, however, for new and integrative approaches\nto governing mountains in a sustainable and adaptive way with local and global contributions.\nThe proper institutional arrangement, adaptive forest management, and sustainable use of forest ecosystems\ncan make a substantial contribution to the well-being of local communities as well as contribute to\nmitigating global climate change by provisioning of carbon sequestration ecosystem service. This paper\nexamines how reconfiguration of social practice in forest-dependent communities can address urgent societal\nchallenges. In particular, it considers the potential of a common pool resource regime for governance\nand carbon-smart forestry in innovative management of mountain ecosystems to meet societal and natural\nchallenges.
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Carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in canging climate.
Hlaváčková, Lucie ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Urban, Otmar (referee)
The global carbon cycle is in the focus of the scientists' interest, because understanding carbon sinks and their relationships can show the solutions of problems related with increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere in the future. I focused on the role of forests ecosystems in this carbon cycle. All forests cover almost one third of the Earth's land area. By photosynthesis they bind big part of atmospheric carbon to their biomass. Sink strength of forest can differ according to the type of biome, forest stand age and actual climatic conditions. Forest biomes can be generally divided according to the latitude to three groups: tropical forest biomes, temperate forests and boreal forests. The size of carbon stock decreases in this order. Other parameters, such as net primary production and respiration differ in dependence on the particular ecosystem. Tropical rain forests represent great carbon stock, but their deforestation causes massive C emissions back to the atmosphere. Boreal forests aren't considered as important carbon sink, but they influence local climate. Some speculations can also appear about the old forests. It is possible to find authors, who claims, that old forests are no more carbon sinks, so that their carbon balance is neutral. Many surveys prove that they bind less carbon...
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